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Equity Research · pineus.es
Independent Equity Research

The value hidden
in plain sight.

For every analysis: what the price implies, what rigorous valuation demands — explained at the depth you choose.

MethodDCF · Reverse DCF · WACC DataCompany filings · S&P GMI · Damodaran NYU LevelsBeginner · Investor · Professional UpdatedJune 2026
Current Analyses

Published Research

Each report presents independently constructed DCF scenarios — always including a Reverse DCF and a Conservative case.

● Live IPO — June 2026
SPCX · NYSE (Pending) · USD
SpaceX
The most anticipated IPO of the decade.
IPO Price
$162
Reverse DCF
$162 ✓
Conservative
$49
2 scenarios: Reverse DCF · Conservative
Read analysis →
● Published · Jun 2026
9973 · Hong Kong S.E. · HKD / CNY
Chery Automobile
China's fastest-growing auto exporter.
Current
24.8 CNY
Consensus DCF
55.6 CNY
Conservative
23.1 CNY
3 scenarios: Reverse DCF · Consensus · Conservative
Read analysis →
● Published · Jun 2026
NVDA · Nasdaq · USD
NVIDIA Corporation
The architect of the AI revolution.
Current
$201
Consensus
$299
Conservative
$114
3 scenarios: Reverse DCF · Consensus · Conservative
Read analysis →
Equity Research · IPO Analysis · June 2026

SpaceX — The Price of a Dream

At $162/share the prospectus asks you to believe simultaneously in Starlink's global dominance...

What is this? — Beginner
Context — Investor
Analytical framework — Professional
IPO Price
$162
NYSE (pending) · Jun-26
Revenue 2025A
$18.7B
+33.2% vs 2024
Starlink EBIT 2025A
$4.4B
Margin 38.8% — proven
Net Loss 2025A
$(4.9B)
R&D investment phase
Starlink Q1-2610.3M subs · +106% YoY AI Compute Q1-261.0 GW (COLOSSUS I+II) Net Cash Q1-26$15.9B Shares offered55.6M at $162 max SourceSpaceX Prospectus, Jun-2026
DCF Analysis

Two Scenarios for SpaceX

The two views — Beginner
Reverse DCF
What does $162 require you to believe?
$162
USD / share · IPO price
Internally consistent · 0%
WACC 11.0% · g 3.5%
Conservative Case
What can be proved with real numbers?
$49
USD / share
−70% vs IPO price
WACC 13.0% · g 2.0%
Reverse DCF — Reading the implied growth in $162
At $162 and WACC=11%...
Implied assumptions at $162
ParameterImplied
Revenue CAGR 2026–35~13%
EBITDA margin (terminal)~45%
Starlink subscribers 2035E35–50M
AI revenue 2035E~$37B
Terminal revenue 2035E~$89B
WACC11.0%
Terminal growth (g)3.5%
Implied Enterprise Value~$190B
Evidence in favour of the bull case
  • Starlink Q1-26: 10.3M subscribers growing +106% YoY.
  • Connectivity EBIT margin of 38.8% in 2025 already proven at scale.
  • xAI COLOSSUS I+II: 1.0 GW of compute installed in Q1-26.
  • Starship: if cost-per-kg falls 10x vs Falcon 9, it transforms launch economics.
Assessment — Reverse DCF
Conservative Case — Pay only for what can be proved
"At $162..."
Assumption comparison
VariableBull / IPOConservative
Revenue CAGR~13%~7.6%
EBITDA margin (terminal)~45%~37%
Starlink subs 2035E35–50M~20–25M
AI EBIT margin LT20%+10–12%
WACC11.0%13.0%
Terminal growth (g)3.5%2.0%
Conservative DCF result
ItemUSD M
PV of FCFs (10Y)25,765
PV Terminal Value (g=2%)19,907
Enterprise Value45,672
+ Net Cash+15,852
Equity Value58,324
Price / share$49
vs IPO price−70%
  • Starlink ARPU declining structurally: $99/month (2023) → $66/month (Q1-26).
  • Starship has not yet generated a single dollar of commercial revenue.
  • xAI competes with OpenAI, Google DeepMind, and Anthropic.
  • Key-man risk: Elon Musk runs 5+ major companies simultaneously.
Verdict — Conservative
Section 2 — Cost of Capital

WACC Construction

Base Case (IPO)
Rf (USD Treasury 10Y)4.30%
Beta (proxy, re-levered)1.30
ERP (Damodaran Jan-26)5.50%
Ke11.45%
Kd after-tax (15%)3.57%
11.0%
WACC — Base / Reverse
Conservative Case
Rf (USD Treasury 10Y)4.50%
Beta (incl. governance premium)1.60
ERP (Damodaran Jan-26)6.00%
Ke14.1%
Kd after-tax (18%)4.01%
13.0%
WACC — Conservative
Section 3 — Live Model

Interactive DCF Calculator

Two-Stage Gordon Growth Model — SpaceX (SPCX)
FCF base (normalised, annualised Q1-26): ~$2,000M · Net cash: $15,852M · Shares: ~1,186M
WACC11.0%
Terminal Growth (g)3.5%
FCF Growth Yrs 1–5+35%
FCF Growth Yrs 6–1018%
Net Cash (USD M)15,852
Shares Outstanding (M)1,186
PV of FCFs
PV Terminal Value
Equity Value (USD M)
Value / Share
vs IPO price $162.00 →
Sensitivity Matrix — Price per Share (USD)
WACC \ gg=1.0%g=1.5%g=2.0%g=2.5%g=3.0%g=3.5%g=4.0%

IPO price: $162. Cells within ±$10 of IPO are outlined.

Section 4 — Summary

Two Scenarios. One Table.

ParameterReverse DCFConservative
Revenue CAGR 2026–35~13%~7.6%
EBITDA margin (terminal)~45%~37%
Starlink subs 2035E35–50M~20–25M
WACC11.0%13.0%
Terminal growth (g)3.5%2.0%
Enterprise Value (USD B)~$190B~$46B
Price / share$162$49
vs IPO price0%−70%
Investment Conclusion — SpaceX IPO
The core tension
$162 prices perfection
The IPO price is consistent — but requires all three engines delivering simultaneously.
The $113 gap
Faith vs proven numbers
The difference between $162 and $49 is not a factual dispute.
Pineus view
Extraordinary company, not cheap stock
SpaceX is one of the most remarkable companies in the world.
Equity Research · June 2026 · SEHK: 9973

Chery Automobile — Value Hiding in Plain Sight

PER of 6x. Net cash of CNY 33B. Revenue growing at 20%.

Current Price
24.8 CNY
≈ 26.6 HKD · 9973.HK
Revenue 2025A
300B CNY
+11.2% vs 2024
Net Cash
+32.9B
CNY · structural floor
P/E 2026E
6.26x
Implied Ke: ~16%
DCF Analysis

Three Scenarios for Chery

Reverse DCF
What does 24.8 CNY imply?
24.8
CNY / share
Fair Value · 0%
WACC 12.24% · g ~3.2% implied
Analyst Consensus
MarketScreener / S&P GMI projections
55.6
CNY / share
+124% upside
WACC 10.54% · g 3.0%
Conservative Case
Honest assumptions, adjusted WACC
23.1
CNY / share
−7% · Neutral
WACC 13.11% · g 2.0%
Implied assumptions at 24.8 CNY
ParameterImplied
Revenue CAGR 2026–28~15%
Revenue CAGR 2029–35~5%
EBIT Margin (terminal)7.0–7.5%
CapEx / Revenue4.0% → 3.2%
WACC12.24%
Terminal growth (g)~3.2%
EV implied~111,000 M CNY
+ Net Cash+32,985 M CNY
The structural floor
  • Net cash of CNY 32,985M = ~23% of market cap.
  • PBR of 2.04x (2026E). Below book value scenarios imply near-insolvency.
  • FCF yield of 9.33% (2026E) is already pricing in significant risk.
Metric (CNY M)2025A2026E2027E2028E
Net Revenue300,287360,906412,719455,549
  Growth+11.2%+20.2%+14.4%+10.4%
EBIT23,51821,20726,77026,869
CapEx14,65414,43313,38812,150
FCF (consensus)5,4769,51026,256 ⚠~20,500
ItemCNY M
PV of FCFs (10Y)138,871
PV Terminal Value (g=3%)150,718
Enterprise Value289,589
+ Net Cash+32,985
Price / share55.6 CNY · +124%
Key assumption differences
VariableConsensusConservative
Revenue CAGR 2026–28~17%~10%
Revenue CAGR 2029–35~7–9%~4%
EBIT Margin LT6.5–7.5%5.5–6.5%
CapEx / Revenue4.0% → 2.3%4.5% → 3.5%
Tax rate15%18%
WACC10.54%13.11%
g terminal3.0%2.0%
Conservative DCF result
ItemCNY M
PV of FCFs (10Y)51,411
PV Terminal Value (g=2%)49,530
Enterprise Value100,941
+ Net Cash+32,985
Equity Value133,926
Price / share23.1 CNY
vs current price−7%
  • NEV price war is structural: BYD cut prices 20%+ in 2024–25.
  • EU tariffs (17–38%) and US tariffs (100%) on Chinese EVs.
  • Beta of 0.59 (observed vs HSI) is distorted.
  • ~75% of revenues remain domestic in a structurally oversupplied market.
Section 2 — Cost of Capital

WACC Construction — Chery

Critical — Chinese Risk-Free Rate
Using the Chinese 10Y bond (1.75%) produces Ke ~4.9% → implied fair P/E of ~20x. Inconsistent with observed market P/E of 6.26x.
Reverse DCF
Rf (USD T-10Y)4.30%
Beta (re-levered)1.40
ERP + CRP5.30%
Liquidity premium1.50%
Ke13.22%
12.24%
WACC — Reverse
Consensus
Rf (USD T-10Y)4.30%
Beta (re-levered)1.14
ERP + CRP5.30%
Liquidity premium1.00%
Ke11.34%
10.54%
WACC — Consensus
Conservative
Rf (USD T-10Y)4.30%
Beta (re-levered)1.30
ERP + CRP6.00%
Liquidity premium2.00%
Ke14.10%
13.11%
WACC — Conservative
Section 3 — Live Model

Interactive DCF Calculator

Two-Stage Gordon Growth Model — Chery
FCF base 2025: 5,476 M CNY · Net cash: 32,985 M CNY · Shares: ~5,800 M
WACC12.24%
Terminal Growth (g)3.2%
FCF Growth Yrs 1–525%
FCF Growth Yrs 6–108%
Net Cash (CNY M)32,985
Shares Outstanding (M)5,800
PV of FCFs
PV Terminal Value
Equity Value (CNY M)
Value / Share
vs current price 24.8 CNY →
Sensitivity Matrix — Price per Share (CNY)
WACC \ gg=1.5%g=2.0%g=2.5%g=3.0%g=3.2%g=3.5%g=4.0%

Current price: 24.8 CNY. Cells within ±2.5 CNY are outlined in gold.

Section 4 — Summary

Three Scenarios. One Table.

ParameterReverse DCFConsensusConservative
Revenue CAGR 2026–28~15%~17%~10%
EBIT Margin (terminal)7.0–7.5%6.5–7.5%5.5–6.5%
WACC12.24%10.54%13.11%
Terminal growth (g)3.2%3.0%2.0%
Price / share24.8 CNY55.6 CNY23.1 CNY
vs current price0%+124%−7%
Investment Conclusion — Chery Automobile
What the price discounts
A reasonable base case, nothing more
Risk / Reward
+124% up vs −7% down
Primary risk
Structural margin compression
Equity Research · Semiconductor · June 2026

NVIDIA — The Price of AI Dominance

At $201/share the market asks you to believe the AI capex supercycle is permanent.

Current Price
$201
NVDA · Nasdaq · Jun-26
Revenue FY2026A
$215.9B
+65.4% vs FY2025
FCF FY2026A
$96.7B
44.8% FCF margin
Net Cash FY2026A
+$54.1B
USD · no net debt
Note — NVIDIA Fiscal Year
NVIDIA's fiscal year ends in January. FY2026 = year ending January 2026.
62 sell-side analystsBUY consensus · avg target $298.93 Avg. consensus target$299 · +49% upside Net Cash FY2026A$54,088M · FY2027E: $159,554M Fiscal yearEnds January · FY2026 = Jan-2026 SourceMarketScreener S&P GMI · Jun-2026
DCF Analysis

Three Scenarios for NVIDIA

Reverse DCF
What does $201 imply?
$201
USD / share · current price
Internally consistent · 0%
WACC 13.0% · g 2.0% · consensus FCF stream
Analyst Consensus
S&P GMI / MarketScreener · 62 analysts
$299
USD / share · avg target
+49% upside
WACC 10.0% · g 3.5%
Conservative Case
FCF −20% vs consensus · higher WACC
$114
USD / share
−43% · Stress test
WACC 15.0% · g 1.5%
Implied assumptions at $201
ParameterImplied
Revenue CAGR FY2026–28~58% (consensus)
EBIT Margin (terminal)65–67%
CapEx / Revenue2.0–2.8%
Market-implied WACC~13.0%
Terminal growth (g)2.0%
+ Net Cash+$54,088M
What the market is NOT saying
  • The market accepts FY2027E FCF of $212B — +120% in one year — without a risk premium on the forecast itself.
  • CUDA moat acknowledged: the market does not apply a share-loss haircut to the consensus numbers.
  • Net cash of $54B grows rapidly: FY2027E consensus shows $159B net cash — the balance sheet is fortress-like.
  • Blackwell GPU ramp accepted at face value: supply constraints, not demand, are the binding factor through 2026.
USD MFY2025AFY2026AFY2027EFY2028E
Revenue (USD M)130,497215,938391,655551,664
  Growth+114%+65%+81%+41%
EBIT (USD M)86,789137,300258,314361,916
CapEx (USD M)3,2366,0428,51711,199
FCF (USD M)60,85396,676212,527271,897
ItemUSD M
PV of FCFs (10Y)2,679,911
PV Terminal Value (g=3.5%)4,350,590
Enterprise Value7,030,501
+ Net Cash+54,088
Price / share$292 · model / $299 analyst avg
Assumption comparison
VariableConsensusConservative
Revenue CAGR FY2026–28~58%~40%
EBIT Margin (terminal)65–67%60–63%
FCF vs consensus100%−20%
WACC10.0%15.0%
Terminal growth (g)3.5%1.5%
Conservative DCF result
ItemUSD M
PV of FCFs (10Y)1,672,222
PV Terminal Value (g=1.5%)1,053,459
Enterprise Value2,725,681
+ Net Cash+54,088
Equity Value2,779,769
Price / share$114
vs current price−43%
  • AI capex cycle risk: hyperscaler capex guided +40-50% for FY2026 but history shows data center build-outs overshoot then pause.
  • Customer concentration: top 4 hyperscalers (MSFT, META, GOOGL, AMZN) represent >50% of revenue.
  • Competition: AMD MI300X gaining traction; Chinese alternatives (Huawei Ascend) accelerating domestically.
  • Export controls: China contributed ~9% of FY2025 revenue (H20 chips). Further restrictions remain a live risk.
Section 2 — Cost of Capital

WACC Construction — NVIDIA

WACC — Reverse / Market
Rf (USD T-10Y)4.30%
Beta (re-levered)1.70
ERP5.50%
Ke13.65%
Net debt0 (net cash)
13.0%
WACC — Reverse / Market
WACC — Consensus
Rf (USD T-10Y)4.30%
Beta (re-levered)1.15
ERP5.50%
Ke10.63%
Net debt0 (net cash)
10.0%
WACC — Consensus
WACC — Conservative
Rf (USD T-10Y)4.50%
Beta (re-levered)2.00
ERP6.00%
Ke16.50%
Net debt0 (net cash)
15.0%
WACC — Conservative
Section 3 — Live Model

Interactive DCF Calculator

Two-Stage Gordon Growth Model — NVIDIA (NVDA)
FCF base FY2026A: $96,676M · Net cash FY2026A: $54,088M · Shares: ~24,299M
WACC13.0%
Terminal Growth (g)2.0%
FCF Growth Yrs 1–5+40%
FCF Growth Yrs 6–1012%
Net Cash (USD M)54,088
Shares Outstanding (M)24,299
PV of FCFs
PV Terminal Value
Equity Value (USD M)
Value / Share
vs current price $201.38 →
Sensitivity Matrix — Price per Share (USD) · Consensus FCF Stream
WACC \ gg=1.0%g=1.5%g=2.0%g=2.5%g=3.0%g=3.5%g=4.0%

Current price: $201. Cells within ±$20 are outlined in green. WACC=10.0% ◂ = Consensus. WACC=12.0% ◂ ≈ current price.

Section 4 — Summary

Three Scenarios. One Table.

ParameterReverse DCFConsensusConservative
Revenue CAGR FY2026–28~58% (consensus)~58%~40%
EBIT Margin (terminal)65–67%65–67%60–63%
FCF vs consensus100%100%−20%
WACC13.0%10.0%15.0%
Terminal growth (g)2.0%3.5%1.5%
Price / share$201$299$114
vs current price0%+49%−43%
Investment Conclusion — NVIDIA
What the market prices
$201 is rational, not pessimistic
The binary
+49% up vs −43% down
Pineus view
World-class business, thin margin of safety
Our Approach

Methodology

How every Pineus analysis is constructed, verified, and presented.

The Three-Scenario Framework

Every analysis we publish includes at least two scenarios...

  1. 1
    Reverse DCFWe solve backwards...
  2. 2
    Consensus DCFWhen sell-side estimates are available...
  3. 3
    Conservative DCFOur own model, giving no credit to unproven revenue streams...

WACC Construction

Data Sources

Company Filings
Damodaran NYU
S&P GMI / MarketScreener
PBOC / Fed / ECB

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